@article{ref1,
title="Externalizing and oppositional behaviors and karate-do: the way of crime prevention. A pilot study",
journal="International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology",
year="2006",
author="Palermo, Mark T. and Di Luigi, Massimo and Dal Forno, Gloria and Dominici, Cinzia and Vicomandi, David and Sambucioni, Augusto and Proietti, Luca and Pasqualetti, Patrizio",
volume="50",
number="6",
pages="654-660",
abstract="Childhood disruptive behaviors can be precursors to later deviance. To verify the efficacy of karate, a complex psychomotor activity that enhances self-regulation and executive skills, as an intervention for externalizing behaviors, 16 children, ranging in age from 8 to 10 years, and meeting diagnostic criteria for oppositional defiant disorder were studied. Eight were randomly assigned to a 10-month Wa Do Ryu karate program, whereas 8 children received no intervention. The children were assigned to a larger karate class, composed of typically developing youngsters. Three domains of temperament--intensity, adaptability, and mood regulation--were measured at the beginning and the end of the training period in all 16 participants. A significant improvement in temperament scale scores was measured in the karate group for all tested items compared to controls. Karate, when properly taught, can be a useful adjunct in multimodal programs aimed at externalizing behavior reduction.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0306-624X",
doi="10.1177/0306624X06293522",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624X06293522"
}