@article{ref1,
title="Psychiatric diagnoses, mental health utilization, high-risk behaviors, and self-directed violence among veterans with comorbid history of traumatic brain injury and substance use disorders",
journal="Journal of head trauma rehabilitation",
year="2012",
author="Olson-Madden, Jennifer H. and Forster, Jeri E. and Huggins, Joseph and Schneider, Alexandra",
volume="27",
number="5",
pages="370-378",
abstract="OBJECTIVES: : To describe various characteristics of veterans with co-occurring histories of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and substance use disorder (SUD) for purposes of hypothesis generation. STUDY DESIGN: : Archival data collected over a period of 4 years. PARTICIPANTS: : Sixty-five veterans across eras of service with confirmed histories of TBI and SUD. METHODS: : Demographic and TBI information were obtained from an archival clinical database. Electronic medical records were reviewed for mental health utilization, psychiatric diagnoses, self-directed violence, and risk-taking behaviors. RESULTS: : In addition to a SUD, veterans were reported to have an average of 3 additional psychiatric diagnoses and a median of 3 TBIs per person. All utilized various mental health services in addition to substance use treatment. Individuals were found to have engaged in a variety of risky behaviors. There were significant associations between suicidal ideation and assaultive behaviors, as well as between suicide attempt and impulsivity. CONCLUSIONS: : This study describes a sample of veterans with co-occurring histories of TBI, SUD, risk-taking behaviors, and self-directed violence. More research is needed to examine these complex interrelationships and to identify specific risk factors for intervention/prevention strategies.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0885-9701",
doi="10.1097/HTR.0b013e318268d496",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0b013e318268d496"
}