@article{ref1,
title="Impact of maternal depressive symptoms on growth of preschool- and school-aged children",
journal="Pediatrics",
year="2012",
author="Surkan, Pamela J. and Ettinger, Anna K. and Ahmed, Saifuddin and Minkovitz, Cynthia S. and Strobino, Donna",
volume="130",
number="4",
pages="e847-55",
abstract="OBJECTIVE:The aim of our study was to examine whether maternal depressive symptoms at 9 months postpartum adversely affect growth in preschool- and school-aged children.METHODS:We used data from the US nationally representative Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort. We fit multivariable logistic regression models to study maternal depressive symptoms at 9 months postpartum (using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) in relation to child growth outcomes, ≤10% height-for-age, ≤10% weight-for-height, and ≤10% weight-for-age at 4 and 5 years.RESULTS:At 9 months, 24% of mothers reported mild depressive symptoms and 17% moderate/severe symptoms. After adjustment for household, maternal, and child factors, children of mothers with moderate to severe levels of depressive symptoms at 9 months' postpartum had a 40% increased odds of being ≤10% in height-for-age at age 4 (odds ratio = 1.40, 95% confidence interval: 1.04-1.89) and 48% increased odds of being ≤10% in height-for-age at age 5 (odds ratio = 1.48, 95% confidence interval: 1.03-2.13) compared with children of women with few or no depressive symptoms. There was no statistically significant association between maternal depressive symptoms and children being ≤10% in weight-for-height and weight-for-age at 4 or 5 years.CONCLUSIONS:Maternal depressive symptoms during infancy may affect physical growth in early childhood. Prevention, early detection, and treatment of maternal depressive symptoms during the first year postpartum may prevent childhood height-for-age ≤10th percentile among preschool- and school-aged children.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0031-4005",
doi="10.1542/peds.2011-2118",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-2118"
}