@article{ref1,
title="Optimal control of an On-Demand All-Wheel Drive system (ODAWD) for vehicle traction enhancement",
journal="International journal of vehicle design",
year="2011",
author="Anwar, Sohel and Reyhart, Delon and Reyhart, Delon R.",
volume="56",
number="1/2/3/4",
pages="270-298",
abstract="This paper presents an optimal algorithm to enhance the performance of an On-Demand All-Wheel Drive (ODAWD) vehicle by traction improvement through regulation of wheel slip. A 'Minimum Fuel Problem' is developed with a cost function minimising the slip error and the control action defined as the ratio of the total torque transmitted to the non-driven wheels (rear wheels). A simplified vehicle model (bicycle model) is used to develop the proposed controller to optimally reduce the wheel slip error by engaging and dynamically controlling a hydraulic clutch. The controller performance was validated on a realtime Hardware-in-Loop (HIL) bench. Keywords: optimal control; AWD; all-wheel drive; traction control; Pontryagin|s minimum principle; HIL; hardware-in-loop; real-time control; vehicle control; vehicle modelling; bicycle models; wheel slip error; hydraulic clutch.<p />",
language="en",
issn="0143-3369",
doi="10.1504/IJVD.2011.043271",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJVD.2011.043271"
}