@article{ref1,
title="A numerical study of the derailment caused by collision of a rail vehicle using a virtual testing model",
journal="Vehicle system dynamics",
year="2012",
author="Cho, Hyun Jik and Koo, Jeong Seo",
volume="50",
number="1",
pages="79-108",
abstract="This study investigated the wheel-lift and roll-over derailment mechanisms caused by train collisions using a precise virtual testing model (VTM) of a Korean high-speed train. The VTM was a complex, nonlinear finite element model composed of the shell, beam, solid, spring, and surface contact elements for the car body, bogies, suspensions, and wheel-rail interfaces. The VTM was validated by checking the errors in the total energy and the dynamic responses of the spring elements. To achieve a quick, dynamic relaxation of the dead weight of the VTM before the collision analysis, the artificial damping method and the artificial force method were introduced and numerically evaluated. The surface-to-surface contact model from commercial software, Ls-Dyna, was applied to the VTM in order to simulate the derailment mechanisms caused by collision accidents. The numerical analyses of the VTM colliding with a large deformable obstacle or a rigid wall revealed for the first time that a mixed slip/roll-over-type derailment mechanism generally occurs. Furthermore, the simulation results were consistent with the results from a simplified theoretical derailment model of a wheel set.<p />",
language="en",
issn="0042-3114",
doi="10.1080/00423114.2011.563860",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00423114.2011.563860"
}