@article{ref1,
title="Dynamic model for the wheel-rail contact friction",
journal="Vehicle system dynamics",
year="2012",
author="Lee, HyunWook and Sandu, Corina and Holton, Carvel",
volume="50",
number="2",
pages="299-321",
abstract="Accurately estimating the coefficient of friction (CoF) is essential in modelling railroad dynamics, reducing maintenance costs, and increasing safety in rail operations. The typical assumption of a constant CoF is widely used in theoretical studies; however, it has been noticed that the CoF is not constant, but rather depends on various dynamic parameters and instantaneous conditions. In this paper, we present a newly developed three-dimensional nonlinear CoF model for the dry rail condition and test the CoF variation using this model with estimated dynamic parameters. The wheel-rail is modelled as a mass-spring-damper system to simulate the basic wheel-rail dynamics. Although relatively simple, this model is considered sufficient for the purpose of this study. Simulations are performed at a train speed of 20 m/s using rail roughness as an excitation source. The model captures the CoF extremes and illustrates its nonlinear behaviour and instantaneous dependence on several structural and dynamic parameters.<p />",
language="en",
issn="0042-3114",
doi="10.1080/00423114.2011.582121",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00423114.2011.582121"
}