@article{ref1,
title="Physical tactics of female partners against male batterer program participants",
journal="Violence against women",
year="2012",
author="Gondolf, Edward W.",
volume="18",
number="9",
pages="1027-1044",
abstract="Descriptive and predictive analyses were conducted using a multisite database of batterer program participants to assess the nature and extent of their female partner's violence, and implications for batterer program outcome (N = 563). Approximately 40% of the women reported ever using &quot;severe&quot; conflict tactics on the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS; 17% used severe tactics in the arrest incident). Approximately 20% of the women reported using any type of physical tactic during a 15-month follow-up, and nearly all of these women were with men who physically attacked them during that period. These women were also highly likely to report acting out of fear or self-defense, and having sought a variety of services to deal with the men's violence. Their male partners, furthermore, showed evidence of antisocial tendencies and alcohol problems. Overall, the findings suggest women's &quot;violent resistance&quot; rather than &quot;mutuality and symmetry.&quot; Batterer programs appear more appropriate in this regard than couples counseling.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1077-8012",
doi="10.1177/1077801212460755",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801212460755"
}