@article{ref1,
title="Comparison and evaluation of contemporary restraint systems in the driver and front-passenger environments",
journal="Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of automobile engineering",
year="2001",
author="Kent, Richard W. and Crandall, Jeffrey Richard and Bolton, James R. and Duma, Stefan M.",
volume="215",
number="11",
pages="1147-1159",
abstract="Restrained driver and passenger kinematics and injury outcome in frontal collisions are compared using US fatality field data and post-mortem human surrogate sled tests. The fatality data indicate that a frontal airbag may provide greater benefit for a passenger than for a driver. The thoracic injuries sustained by passenger-side surrogates restrained by a force-limited, pre-tensioned belt and airbag are evaluated, and kinematics are compared with driver-side subjects exposed to a similar impact. Driver and passenger kinematic differences are identified and the implications are discussed with respect to the injury-predictive ability of existing thoracic injury criteria. The chest acceleration of the passenger-side subjects exhibited a bimodal profile with an initial (and global) maximum before the subject loaded the airbag. A second acceleration peak occurred as the subject loaded both the belt and the airbag. A similarly restrained driver-side subject loaded the belt and airbag concurrently at the time of peak chest acceleration and therefore did not exhibit this biomodal chest acceleration. While the injury-causing or injury-mitigating significance of this bimodal response is not known, its significance with respect to thoracic injury prediction is discussed.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0954-4070",
doi="10.1243/0954407011528699",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954407011528699"
}