@article{ref1,
title="Sources of secondary task interference with driving: executive processes or verbal and visuo-spatial rehearsal processes?",
journal="Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomic Society annual meeting",
year="2008",
author="Morris, Nichole and Phillips, Cooper and Thibault, Kathleen and Chaparro, Alex",
volume="52",
number="19",
pages="1556-1559",
abstract="We investigated the effects of secondary working memory tasks that loaded either visuo-spatial working memory or verbal working memory (phonological loop) and which required either rehearsal or executive processes involving stimulus manipulation. The effects of the secondary tasks on driver look-out behavior and driving performance were assessed. Preliminary studies were conducted to select tasks that resulted in similar levels of accuracy and perceived difficulty across modalities (visuo-spatial, verbal, rehearse, and manipulate). Piloting and the preliminary studies were also used to evaluate different visual tasks and to select a visual task that could not be encoded verbally. Results of the study reveal that driving performance is significantly impaired while performing a secondary manipulation task than performing a rehearsal task of equivalent difficulty. The study finds that visuo-spatial and verbal secondary tasks produce the same level of interference with overall driving performance.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2169-5067",
doi="10.1177/154193120805201953",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120805201953"
}