@article{ref1,
title="A drug fatality involving kratom",
journal="Journal of forensic sciences",
year="2013",
author="Neerman, Michael F. and Frost, Randall E. and Deking, Janine",
volume="58",
number="Suppl 1",
pages="S278-9",
abstract="A 17-year-old white man who showed no obvious signs of trauma was found unresponsive in bed and was pronounced dead at the scene. The decedent had a documented history of heroin abuse and chronic back pain and reportedly self-medicated with Kratom (mitragynine). The autopsy was remarkable only for pulmonary congestion and edema and a distended bladder, both of which are consistent with, though not diagnostic of, opiate use. A laboratory work-up revealed therapeutic levels of over-the-counter cold medications and benzodiazepines. However, of interest was a level of mitragynine at 0.60 mg/L. Given the facts of the case, the Medical Examiner certified the cause of death as &quot;possible Kratom toxicity&quot; and the manner of death was classified as &quot;accident.&quot;<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0022-1198",
doi="10.1111/1556-4029.12009",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.12009"
}