@article{ref1,
title="Estimation of energy-absorption space for pedestrian leg protection of car front-end structures",
journal="International journal of vehicle design",
year="2012",
author="Huang, Jun and Xia, Yong and Nie, Bingbing and Zhou, Qing",
volume="60",
number="1/2",
pages="20-38",
abstract="For either the pedestrian's head or lower limb protection, Energy-Absorption (EA) space needs to be estimated for designing pedestrian-friendly front-end structures in the early stage of new vehicle development. However, existing methods in literature so far to estimate EA space for pedestrian lower-limb protection look over-simplified. This paper proposes a more reasonable equation to estimate EA space based on a Finite Element (FE) analysis. The energy-related parameters in the EA estimate equation were statistically determined with a parametric study. The detailed process of the legform-to-bumper impact test was also analysed, which may provide more insights into engineering design.    Keywords: pedestrian protection; legform impactor; energy absorption space; front-end design; energy transformation; free-free beams; vehicle front-end structures; leg protection; vehicle safety; vehicle design; finite element analysis; FEA; impact testing; bumper impact.<p />",
language="en",
issn="0143-3369",
doi="10.1504/IJVD.2012.049156",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJVD.2012.049156"
}