@article{ref1,
title="Evaluating the operational impact of left-turn waiting areas at signalized intersections in China",
journal="Transportation research record",
year="2012",
author="Yang, Zhao and Liu, Pan and Tian, Zong Z. and Wang, Weixu",
volume="2286",
number="",
pages="12-20",
abstract="Transportation professionals in China have started using left-turn waiting areas and lagging left-turn phasing to improve traffic efficiency at signalized intersections. Left-turn waiting areas are usually set up beyond the stop bar at an exclusive left-turn lane or dual left-turn lanes. This design allows left-turning vehicles to enter and wait at the left-turn waiting area after the initiation of the through phase. The operational impact of left-turn waiting areas at signalized intersections was evaluated, and the arrival and departure processes of left-turning vehicles at exclusive left-turn lanes with and without waiting areas were compared. A procedure for estimating the capacity of an exclusive left-turn lane with a waiting area was proposed. Cross-sectional analysis used data collected from 12 approaches at nine signalized intersections to compare the start-up lost time and saturation headways of left-turn passenger cars for four scenarios. The capacities of exclusive left-turn lanes with differently sized left-turn waiting areas were compared. The results indicate that left-turn waiting areas increase the capacity of exclusive left-turn lanes and that the capacity gains would increase with an increase in the storage capacity of the left-turn waiting area.<p />",
language="en",
issn="0361-1981",
doi="10.3141/2286-02",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2286-02"
}