@article{ref1,
title="Numerical investigation of knee-thigh-hip injuries in frontal vehicle collisions",
journal="Transportation research record",
year="2012",
author="Heath, Douglas R. and Silvestri, Chiara and Ray, Malcolm H.",
volume="2281",
number="",
pages="69-75",
abstract="Recent improvements to occupant restraint systems, such as seat belts and airbags, have caused a shift in the injury profile that results from vehicle collisions from primarily upper body to primarily lower extremity injuries. Injuries of the knee-thigh-hip (KTH) region have been shown to be some of the most debilitating. This project used a finite element model of the KTH region to study injury. A parametric investigation was conducted; the finite element KTH was simulated as a vehicle occupant positioned to a range of precrash driving postures. Results indicated that timing between a significant rise in foot-floor and knee-bolster contact force affected knee kinematics and axial force absorbed by the KTH region. Findings also suggest that introducing a lag time between the respective contacts may decrease the likelihood of KTH bone injury.<p />",
language="en",
issn="0361-1981",
doi="10.3141/2281-09",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2281-09"
}