@article{ref1,
title="Ecological predictors of traumatic stress symptoms in caucasian and ethnic minority children exposed to intimate partner violence",
journal="Violence against women",
year="2006",
author="Graham-Bermann, Sandra A. and Devoe, Ellen R. and Mattis, Jacqueline S. and Lynch, Sara and Thomas, S. A.",
volume="12",
number="7",
pages="662-692",
abstract="Traumatic stress symptoms were assessed for 218 children ages 5 to 13 following exposure to intimate partner violence: 33% of Caucasian and 17% of minority children were diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder. A risk and protective factors model was used to predict traumatic stress symptoms. For Caucasian children, the best predictors were mothers' mental health and low self-esteem. For minority children, the amount of violence, mothers' low self-esteem, and low income predicted traumatic stress. Social support to the mother, inclusive of friends, relatives, and religion, was a protective element. Implications for assessment and intervention are discussed in light of each group's experiences.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1077-8012",
doi="10.1177/1077801206290216",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801206290216"
}