@article{ref1,
title="Impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease: Crossroads between neurology, psychiatry and neuroscience",
journal="Behavioural neurology",
year="2013",
author="Bugalho, Paulo and Oliveira-Maia, Albino J.",
volume="27",
number="4",
pages="547-557",
abstract="Non-motor symptoms contribute significantly to Parkinson's disease (PD) related disability. Impulse control disorders (ICDs) have been recently added to the behavioural spectrum of PD-related non-motor symptoms. Such behaviours are characterized by an inappropriate drive to conduct repetitive behaviours that are usually socially inadequate or result in harmful consequences. Parkinson disease impulse control disorders (PD-ICDs) have raised significant interest in the scientific and medical community, not only because of their incapacitating nature, but also because they may represent a valid model of ICDs beyond PD and a means to study the physiology of drive, impulse control and compulsive actions in the normal brain. In this review, we discuss some unresolved issues regarding PD-ICDs, including the association with psychiatric co-morbidities such as obsessive-compulsive disorder and with dopamine related side effects, such as hallucinations and dyskinesias; the relationship with executive cognitive dysfunction; and the neural underpinnings of ICDs in PD. We also discuss the contribution of neuroscience studies based on animal-models towards a mechanistic explanation of the development of PD-ICDs, specifically regarding corticostriatal control of goal directed and habitual actions.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0953-4180",
doi="10.3233/BEN-129019",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/BEN-129019"
}