@article{ref1,
title="Common values in assessing health outcomes from disease and injury: disability weights measurement study for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010",
journal="Lancet",
year="2013",
author="Salomon, Joshua A. and Vos, Theo and Hogan, Daniel R. and Gagnon, Michael and Naghavi, Mohsen and Mokdad, Ali and Begum, Nazma and Shah, Razibuzzaman and Karyana, Muhammad and Kosen, Soewarta and Farje, Mario Reyna and Moncada, Gilberto and Dutta, Arup and Sazawal, Sunil and Dyer, Andrew and Seiler, Jason and Aboyans, Victor and Baker, Lesley and Baxter, Amanda and Benjamin, Emelia J. and Bhalla, Kavi S. and Abdulhak, Aref Bin and Blyth, Fiona and Bourne, Rupert and Braithwaite, Tasanee and Brooks, Peter and Brugha, Traolach S. and Bryan-Hancock, Claire and Buchbinder, Rachelle and Burney, Peter and Calabria, Bianca and Chen, Honglei and Chugh, Sumeet S. and Cooley, Rebecca and Criqui, Michael H. and Cross, Marita and Dabhadkar, Kaustubh C. and Dahodwala, Nabila and Davis, Adrian and Degenhardt, Louisa and Diaz-Torne, Cesar and Dorsey, E. Ray and Driscoll, Tim and Edmond, Karen and Elbaz, Alexis and Ezzati, Majid and Feigin, Valery L. and Ferri, Cleusa P. and Flaxman, Abraham D. and Flood, Louise and Fransen, Marlene and Fuse, Kana and Gabbe, Belinda J. and Gillum, Richard F. and Haagsma, Juanita Antje and Harrison, James Edward and Havmoeller, Rasmus and Hay, Roderick J. and Hel-Baqui, Abdullah and Hoek, Hans W. and Hoffman, Howard and Hogeland, Emily and Hoy, Damian G. and Jarvis, Deborah and Karthikeyan, Ganesan and Knowlton, Lisa Marie and Lathlean, Tim and Leasher, Janet L. and Lim, Stephen S. and Lipshultz, Steven E. and Lopez, Alan D. and Lozano, Rafael and Lyons, Ronan Anthony and Malekzadeh, Reza and Marcenes, Wagner and March, Lyn and Margolis, David J. and McGill, Neil and McGrath, John and Mensah, George A. and Meyer, Ana-Claire and Michaud, Catherine and Moran, Andrew and Mori, Rintaro and Murdoch, Michele E. and Naldi, Luigi and Newton, Charles R. and Norman, Rosana and Omer, Saad B. and Osborne, Richard and Pearce, Neil and Perez-Ruiz, Fernando and Perico, Norberto and Pesudovs, Konrad and Phillips, David and Pourmalek, Farshad and Prince, Martin and Rehm, Jürgen T. and Remuzzi, Guiseppe and Richardson, Kathryn and Room, Robin G. W. and Saha, Sukanta and Sampson, Uchechukwu and Sanchez-Riera, Lidia and Segui-Gomez, Maria and Shahraz, Saeid and Shibuya, Kenji and Singh, David and Sliwa, Karen and Smith, Emma and Soerjomataram, Isabelle and Steiner, Timothy and Stolk, Wilma A. and Stovner, Lars Jacob and Sudfeld, Christopher and Taylor, Hugh R. and Tleyjeh, Imad M. and van der Werf, Marieke J. and Watson, Wendy L. and Weatherall, David J. and Weintraub, Robert and Weisskopf, Marc G. and Whiteford, Harvey and Wilkinson, James D. and Woolf, Anthony D. and Zheng, Zhi-Jie and Murray, Christopher Jl",
volume="380",
number="9859",
pages="2129-2143",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Measurement of the global burden of disease with disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) requires disability weights that quantify health losses for all non-fatal consequences of disease and injury. There has been extensive debate about a range of conceptual and methodological issues concerning the definition and measurement of these weights. Our primary objective was a comprehensive re-estimation of disability weights for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 through a large-scale empirical investigation in which judgments about health losses associated with many causes of disease and injury were elicited from the general public in diverse communities through a new, standardised approach. METHODS: We surveyed respondents in two ways: household surveys of adults aged 18 years or older (face-to-face interviews in Bangladesh, Indonesia, Peru, and Tanzania; telephone interviews in the USA) between Oct 28, 2009, and June 23, 2010; and an open-access web-based survey between July 26, 2010, and May 16, 2011. The surveys used paired comparison questions, in which respondents considered two hypothetical individuals with different, randomly selected health states and indicated which person they regarded as healthier. The web survey added questions about population health equivalence, which compared the overall health benefits of different life-saving or disease-prevention programmes. We analysed paired comparison responses with probit regression analysis on all 220 unique states in the study. We used results from the population health equivalence responses to anchor the results from the paired comparisons on the disability weight scale from 0 (implying no loss of health) to 1 (implying a health loss equivalent to death). Additionally, we compared new disability weights with those used in WHO's most recent update of the Global Burden of Disease Study for 2004. FINDINGS: 13 902 individuals participated in household surveys and 16 328 in the web survey. Analysis of paired comparison responses indicated a high degree of consistency across surveys: correlations between individual survey results and results from analysis of the pooled dataset were 0·9 or higher in all surveys except in Bangladesh (r=0·75). Most of the 220 disability weights were located on the mild end of the severity scale, with 58 (26%) having weights below 0·05. Five (11%) states had weights below 0·01, such as mild anaemia, mild hearing or vision loss, and secondary infertility. The health states with the highest disability weights were acute schizophrenia (0·76) and severe multiple sclerosis (0·71). We identified a broad pattern of agreement between the old and new weights (r=0·70), particularly in the moderate-to-severe range. However, in the mild range below 0·2, many states had significantly lower weights in our study than previously. INTERPRETATION: This study represents the most extensive empirical effort as yet to measure disability weights. By contrast with the popular hypothesis that disability assessments vary widely across samples with different cultural environments, we have reported strong evidence of highly consistent results. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0140-6736",
doi="10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61680-8",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61680-8"
}