@article{ref1,
title="Potential to attract drivers out of their cars in dense urban areas",
journal="European transport research review",
year="2011",
author="Monzon, Andres and Vega, Luis Alfredo and Lopez-Lambas, Maria Eugenia",
volume="3",
number="3",
pages="129-137",
abstract="Sustainable mobility urban policies intend reducing car use and increasing walking, cycling and public transport. However, this transfer from private car to these more sustainable modes is only a real alternative where distances are small and the public transport (PT) supply competitive enough. This paper proposes a methodology to calculate the number of trips that can be transferred from private car to other modes in city centers. The method starts analyzing which kind of trips cannot change its mode (purposes, conditions, safety, etc.), and then setting a process to determine under which conditions trips made by car between given O-D pairs can be transferable. Then, the application of demand models allow to determine which trips fulfill the transferability conditions. The process test the possibility of transfer in a sequential way: first to walking, then cycling and finally to PT. The methodology is tested through its application to the city of Madrid (Spain), with the result of only some 18% of the trips currently made by car could be made by other modes, under the same conditions of trip time, and without affecting their characteristics. Out of these trips, 75% could be made by PT, 15% cycling and 10% on foot. The possible mode to be transferred depends on the location: city center areas are more favorable for walking and cycling while city skirts could attract more PT trips. The proposed method has demonstrated its validity to determine the potential of transferring trips out of cars to more sustainable modes. Al the same time it is clear that, even in areas with favorable conditions for walking, cycling and PT trips, the potential of transfer is limited because cars fulfill more properly special requirements of some trips and tours.<p />",
language="",
issn="1867-0717",
doi="10.1007/s12544-011-0054-5",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12544-011-0054-5"
}