@article{ref1,
title="Development of recessed pavement markings that incorporate rumble strips",
journal="Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies",
year="2010",
author="Hirasawa, Masayuki and Takemoto, Azuma and Kasai, Satoshi and Aita, Hisashi",
volume="8",
number="",
pages="2032-2047",
abstract="In winter in Hokkaido, Japan, pavement markings are damaged from snow removal, and every spring, markings need to be reapplied. The authors propose a system of pavement markings whose recessed design prevents scraping damage from snowplows and whose incorporation of rumble strips increases driving safety. To determine the optimum design for recessed pavement markings, trial installation used 2 intervals between grooves. Driving tests found that recessed markings with long intervals generate more noise and vibration than recessed markings with short intervals, making the former more noticeable than the latter. It was found that waterborne paints are not durable enough to be used on recessed pavement markings. Spraying of thermoplastic paints were chosen instead. Furthermore, in order to improve nighttime visibility under rainy conditions, highly reflective beads were used. This paper reports on development of recessed pavement markings that incorporate rumble strips.<p />",
language="",
issn="1341-8521",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}