@article{ref1,
title="An analysis of the self-control and criminal versatility of gang and dating violence offenders",
journal="Violence and victims",
year="2003",
author="Chapple, Constance L. and Hope, Trina L.",
volume="18",
number="6",
pages="671-690",
abstract="How versatile are gang and dating violence offenders? Current gang research highlights the versatility of gang members, yet the versatility of intimate violence offenders is often unexamined. Gottfredson and Hirschi, A General Theory of Crime (1990), support the idea of versatile rather than specialized offenders and suggests that low self-control is associated with a host of criminal and noncriminal risk-taking activities. Using data from a self-report sample of 1139 youths in grades 9 through 11, we investigated both the versatility of gang and dating violence offenders and theoretical variables associated with each. We find disproportionate offending by dating and gang violence offenders in a variety of crimes, as well as considerable overlap in the independent variables associated with both types of violence. Low levels of self-control and exposure to general and crime-specific criminal opportunities are significantly associated with engaging in dating and gang violence.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0886-6708",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}