@article{ref1,
title="Nonmedical use of prescription stimulants and analgesics: associations with social and academic behaviors among college students",
journal="Journal of drug issues",
year="2008",
author="Arria, Amelia M. and O'Grady, Kevin E. and Caldeira, Kimberly M. and Vincent, Kathryn B. and Wish, Eric D.",
volume="38",
number="4",
pages="1045-1060",
abstract="Nonmedical use of prescription stimulants and analgesics was assessed from personal interviews with a stratified random sample of 1,253 first-year college students ages 17 to 20 attending a large public university (86% response rate). Lifetime and past-year prevalence of nonmedical use of stimulants, analgesics, or both was 19.6%wt and 15.6%wt, respectively. Nonmedical users had significantly lower grade point averages (GPAs) in high school as compared with nonusers; in college they skipped classes more often, spent more time socializing, and spent less time studying. For example, nonmedical users of both stimulants and analgesics skipped 21 % of their college classes whereas nonusers skipped 9%. Controlling for high school GPA and other factors, past-year nonmedical use independently predicted lower college GPA by the end of the first year of college; this effect was partially mediated by skipping more classes. Nonmedical users of prescription drugs comprise a high-risk group for academic problems in college.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0022-0426",
doi="10.1177/002204260803800406",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204260803800406"
}