@article{ref1,
title="Temperament and character: prognostic factors in whiplash patients?",
journal="European spine journal",
year="2004",
author="Pettersson, Kurt and Brändström, Sven and Toolanen, Goran and Hildingsson, Christer and Nylander, Per-Olof",
volume="13",
number="5",
pages="408-414",
abstract="We studied the relationship between whiplash injury and personality in 40 whiplash patients who admitted the hospital within 8 h from the car accident and 80 age- and gender-matched controls. For this purpose we used the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). We found that personality dimensions in whiplash patients both in the acute phase and at follow-up 2 years later showed the same results, i.e., significantly less Harm Avoidant (less anxious; low HA) than controls, but when dividing patients into groups depending on severity of outcome from whiplash injury 2 years after, no differences were found. According to our results personality symptoms related to whiplash injury is probably not a secondary phenomenon. Whiplash patients were normally developed in character, i.e., self-directedness (SD), and CO (cooperativeness) and therefore in general are capable of coping with their somatic problems.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0940-6719",
doi="10.1007/s00586-004-0681-9",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00586-004-0681-9"
}