@article{ref1,
title="Myofascial-entheseal dysfunction in chronic whiplash injury: an observational study",
journal="Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine: short reports",
year="2012",
author="Bismil, Qmk and Bismil, Msk",
volume="3",
number="8",
pages="57-57",
abstract="OBJECTIVES: To document any consistent clinical findings in a large cohort of patients with whiplash associated disorder. DESIGN: Four-year observational study. SETTING: Large orthopaedic medicolegal practice in the UK. PARTICIPANTS: 1025 consecutive cases of chronic whiplash associated disorder. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF THE CLINICAL FEATURES OF WHIPLASH ASSOCIATED DISORDER: detailed examination RESULTS: THREE CONSISTENT CLINICAL FEATURES: neck pain; reduced cervical spine range of motion; and myofascial-entheseal dysfunction. With regards to the myofascial-entheseal dysfunction there were trigger points in the upper, middle or lower trapezius; with or without enthesopathy in the lower or middle trapezius. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of this large observational experience we propose a clinically-based definition of chronic whiplash associated disorder: a painful syndrome following acceleration-deceleration injury with neck stiffness; and myofascial-entheseal dysfunction.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2042-5333",
doi="10.1258/shorts.2012.012052",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/shorts.2012.012052"
}