@article{ref1,
title="Effect of stiffness characteristics of vehicle front-end structures on pedestrian pelvis and lower limb injury measures",
journal="Proceedings of the International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury conference",
year="2011",
author="Takahashi, Yukou and Suzuki, Shunji and Okamoto, Masayoshi and Oda, Shinsuke and Fredriksson, Rikard and Pipkorn, Bengt",
volume="39",
number="",
pages="265-276",
abstract="This study investigated the effect of vehicle stiffness characteristics on pedestrian pelvis and lower limb injury measures using finite element (FE) human and vehicle models to develop requirements for the representation of vehicle stiffness characteristics. Three specific vehicles were chosen as baseline vehicles, and simplified models for these vehicles were developed and used for investigating the effect of stiffness characteristics on injury measures. In order to accurately reproduce injury measures, it was found essential to maintain peak deflection, absorbed energy and peak force magnitude of the force-deflection curves of the vehicle front-end components.<p />",
language="",
issn="2235-3151",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}