@article{ref1,
title="The effect of the FMVSS201u free motion headform legislation on head injuries: a discussion based on numerical simulations",
journal="Proceedings of the International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury conference",
year="2002",
author="Eichberger, A. and Steiner, J. and Breitenhuber, W. and Wernig, Johannes",
volume="30",
number="",
pages="-",
abstract="Until 2002 the complete car fleet to be sold on the US market has to fulfill FMVSS201u (Free Motion Headform) legislation (DOT, 2000). It includes a test procedure using a free flying headform (FMH) that impacts several specified points on the upper car interior with a speed up to 24kph. Injury criterion is HIC(d), a modified HIC with a tolerance limit of 1000. The purpose of this paper is to give an idea if this legislation has potential to reduce head injuries, based on Finite-Element calculations.  Results of this study suggest that FMVSS 201u should be updated in order to more precisely evaluate the risk for head/brain injury. We propose either to replace the test object by a spherical headform that has only one degree of freedom in the impacting direction or - in case of keeping the 201u test setup - to modify the injury criterion by a combination of HIC and rotational tolerance criteria. We are planning to extent this study with hardware testing.",
language="",
issn="2235-3151",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}