@article{ref1,
title="A one-dimensional continuun of direct closed head impact",
journal="Proceedings of the International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury conference",
year="1973",
author="King-Liu, Y. and von Rosenberg, D. U.",
volume="1",
number="",
pages="285-300",
abstract="This paper is part of our systematic effort to investigate the phenomena of traumatic head injury. It deals with a fluid-filled rigid container, moving with an initial velocity, striking a rigid wall through a spring and dashpot in parallel, so that an impulsive load is applied to the ensemble. This particular abstraction of the direct head impact phenomena appears to be ideal as a bridge between the simplistic one degree-of-freedom and the complex two- or three-dimensional continuum models of the same. An exact closed-form (wave propagation) small-time solution for the linear problem associated with the above model was obtained and reported else- where. Using the exact solution to the posed problem as a basis, a computer- aided finite-difference numerical solution was obtained for the system. The field descriptions of the fluid pressure and container acceleration depended on a small number of dimensionless parameters. These are : (1) The ratio of the velocity of the skull container (just prior to impact) to the wave speed in the cerebrospinal fluid and brain; (2) the brain to skull mass ratio; (3) the damping factor of the skull materials and (4) the brain to skull stiffness ratios. The head injury potential of a given impact is assessed as a function of the system response. Container acceleration is not a good index of the injury potential.<p />",
language="",
issn="2235-3151",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}