@article{ref1,
title="Epidemiology of U.S. high school sports-related ligamentous ankle injuries, 2005/06-2010/11",
journal="Clinical journal of sport medicine",
year="2013",
author="Swenson, David M. and Collins, Christy L. and Fields, Sarah K. and Comstock, R. Dawn",
volume="23",
number="3",
pages="190-196",
abstract="OBJECTIVE:: Describe ankle injury epidemiology among US high school athletes in 20 sports. DESIGN:: Descriptive prospective epidemiology study. SETTING:: Sports injury data for the 2005/06 to 2010/11 academic years were collected using an internet-based injury surveillance system, Reporting Information Online. PARTICIPANTS:: A nationwide convenience sample of US high schools. ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTORS:: Injuries sustained as a function of sport and gender. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:: Ankle sprain rates and patterns, outcomes, and mechanisms. RESULTS:: From 2005/06 to 2010/11, certified athletic trainers reported 5373 ankle sprains in 17 172 376 athlete exposures (AEs), for a rate of 3.13 ankle sprains per 10 000 AEs. Rates were higher for girls than for boys (rate ratio [RR] 1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17-1.34) in gender-comparable sports and higher in competition than practice for boys (RR 3.42, 95% CI 3.20-3.66) and girls (RR 2.71, 95% CI 2.48-2.95). The anterior talofibular ligament was most commonly injured (involved in 85.3% of sprains). Overall, 49.7% of sprains resulted in loss of participation from 1 to 6 days. Although 0.5% of all ankle sprains required surgery, 6.6% of those involving the deltoid ligament also required surgery. The athletes were wearing ankle braces in 10.6% of all the sprains. The most common injury mechanism was contact with another person (42.4% of all ankle sprains). CONCLUSIONS:: Ankle sprains are a serious problem in high school sports, with high rates of recurrent injury and loss of participation from sport.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1050-642X",
doi="10.1097/JSM.0b013e31827d21fe",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0b013e31827d21fe"
}