@article{ref1,
title="Alcohol and eye diseases: a review of epidemiologic studies",
journal="Journal of studies on alcohol",
year="2001",
author="Hiratsuka, Y. and Li, G.",
volume="62",
number="3",
pages="397-402",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: Epidemiologic evidence for the associations of alcohol consumption with eye diseases was gathered. METHOD: A literature review was conducted. RESULTS: In addition to alcohol-induced ocular anomalies among children with fetal alcohol syndrome, epidemiologic studies in the past two decades have demonstrated that chronic alcoholism is associated with a significantly increased risk of cataract, keratitis, color vision deficiencies and corneal arcus. Moderate alcohol use, however, has been reported to be possibly protective against age-related macular degeneration, cataract and diabetic retinopathy. CONCLUSIONS: It is evident that through its biologic effects and effects on nutrient deficits alcohol plays a role in a variety of eye diseases. Information on the patient's drinking history can be clinically valuable and should be collected on a routine basis.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0096-882X",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}