@article{ref1,
title="Imprisoned by the past: unhappy moods lead to a retrospective bias to mind wandering",
journal="Cognition and emotion",
year="2011",
author="Smallwood, Jonathan and O'Connor, Rory C.",
volume="25",
number="8",
pages="1481-1490",
abstract="Evidence suggests that mind wandering is a frequent accompaniment to an unhappy mood. Building on such work, two laboratory experiments used mood induction to assess whether the greater frequency of mind wandering in a low mood is also accompanied by a shift towards a focus on events from the past. Experiment 1 induced moods via video and induction of an unhappy mood was associated with a greater tendency for past-related mind wandering as measured by a post-task questionnaire. In Experiment 2, negative and positive moods were induced in a group of participants using the Velten mood-induction procedure and the temporal focus of mind wandering was measured using experience sampling probes. Analyses indicated that induction of an unhappy mood led to an increase in past-related mind wandering and the magnitude of this change increased with scores on a measure of depressive symptoms. Together these experiments suggest that when the mind wanders in an unhappy mood it is drawn to events from its past.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0269-9931",
doi="10.1080/02699931.2010.545263",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2010.545263"
}