@article{ref1,
title="Non-suicidal self-injury and depressive symptoms during middle adolescence: a longitudinal analysis",
journal="Journal of youth and adolescence",
year="2013",
author="Marshall, Sheila K. and Tilton-Weaver, Lauree C. and Stattin, Håkan",
volume="42",
number="8",
pages="1234-1242",
abstract="Previous research has shown a consistent positive association between non-suicidal self-injury and depressive symptoms. However, the direction of the effects has not been examined. To understand whether non-suicidal self-injury predicts depressive symptoms or vice versa, we examined the relations between non-suicidal self-injury and depressive symptoms across three waves of self-report data collected 1 year apart from 506 Swedish adolescents (47 % girls; M age = 13.21; SD = .57) who were attending 7th grade at the onset of the study. The results suggest that depressive symptoms predict increases in non-suicidal self-injury 1 year later between the first and second waves of the study. Between the second and third waves of the study depressive symptoms and non-suicidal self-injury were significantly correlated indicating co-occurrence with no direction of effect rather than depressive symptoms predicting non-suicidal self-injury or vice versa. Group comparisons revealed no differences for boys and girls. The findings help clarify the relationships between non-suicidal self-injury and depressive symptoms during middle adolescence.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0047-2891",
doi="10.1007/s10964-013-9919-3",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10964-013-9919-3"
}