@article{ref1,
title="Association of daytime somnolence with executive functioning in the first six months after adolescent traumatic brain injury",
journal="PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation",
year="2013",
author="Osorio, Marisa B. and Kurowski, Brad G. and Beebe, Dean and Taylor, H. Gerry and Brown, Tanya M. and Kirkwood, Michael W. and Wade, Shari L.",
volume="5",
number="7",
pages="554-562",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between severity of injury and self-reports and parent reports of daytime somnolence in adolescents after traumatic brain injury (TBI), and to determine the relationship between daytime somnolence and self-report and parent report of executive functioning in daily life. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study conducted within the first 6 months (mean ± standard deviation 14.97 ± 7.51 weeks) after injury. Partial correlation controlling for injury severity was used to examine the associations of TBI severity with daytime somnolence and the association of daytime somnolence with executive functioning. SETTING: Outpatient visits at 3 children's hospitals and 2 general hospitals with pediatric trauma commitment. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 102 adolescents, 12-18 years old, who sustained moderate-to-severe TBI (n = 60) or complicated mild TBI (n = 42). MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Parent-report Sleepiness Scale, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (youth report), Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) (self-report and maternal report). RESULTS: Adolescents who sustained moderate-to-severe TBI had increased daytime somnolence compared with those with complicated mild injuries in the parent report but not in the youth report. Based on the parent report, 51% of adolescents with moderate-to-severe TBI showed significant daytime somnolence compared with 22% of those with complicated mild TBI. The parent report of daytime somnolence was associated with executive dysfunction on both the BRIEF self-report and parent report; however, the youth report of daytime somnolence was associated only with the BRIEF self-report. CONCLUSIONS: The parent report of daytime somnolence correlated with TBI severity and predicted executive functioning difficulties of the teens in everyday circumstances. Although a correlation between daytime somnolence and executive dysfunction were also apparent on self-report, this did not differ based on injury severity. Teens tended to report fewer difficulties with executive function, which suggests that the teens have decreased awareness of their impairments.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1934-1482",
doi="10.1016/j.pmrj.2012.11.006",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2012.11.006"
}