@article{ref1,
title="Cannabis use and the risk of later schizophrenia: a review",
journal="Addiction",
year="2004",
author="Smit, Filip and Bolier, Linda and Cuijpers, Pim",
volume="99",
number="4",
pages="425-430",
abstract="AIM: To study the role of cannabis use in the onset of symptoms and disorders in the schizophrenia spectrum. DESIGN: Review of five population-based, longitudinal studies on the relationship between cannabis use and problems ranging from the experience of psychotic symptoms to hospitalization with a confirmed diagnosis of schizophrenia. Several hypotheses are examined that may explain this relationship: (1) self-medication; (2) effects of other drugs; (3) confounding; (4) stronger effect in predisposed people, and (5) etiological hypothesis. FINDINGS: Hypotheses 1 and 2 can be dismissed; hypothesis 3 is still open to debate, and converging evidence is found for hypotheses 4 and 5-antecedent cannabis use appears to act as a risk factor in the onset of schizophrenia, especially in vulnerable people, but also in people without prior history. CONCLUSION: There is an intrinsic message here for public health, but how that message is to be translated into action is not immediately clear.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0965-2140",
doi="10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00683.x",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00683.x"
}