@article{ref1,
title="A multilevel analysis of change in neighborhood walking activity in older adults",
journal="Journal of aging and physical activity",
year="2005",
author="Li, Fuzhong and Fisher, John and Brownson, Ross C.",
volume="13",
number="2",
pages="145-159",
abstract="The article reports on a multilevel analysis conducted to examine change in neighborhood walking activity over a 12-month period in a community-based sample of 28 neighborhoods of 303 older adults age 65 and over. The study employed a multilevel (residents nested within neighborhoods) and longitudinal (4 repeated measures over 1 year) design and a multilevel analysis of change and predictors of change in neighborhood walking activity. Results indicated a significant neighborhood effect, with neighborhood-level walking characterized by a downward trajectory over time. Inclusion of baseline variables using selected perceived neighborhood-level social- and physical-environment measures indicated that neighborhoods with safe walking environments and access to physical activity facilities had lower rates of decline in walking activity. The findings provide preliminary evidence of neighborhood-level change and predictors of change in walking activity in older adults. They also suggest the importance of analyzing change in physical activity in older adults from a multilevel or macrolevel framework.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1063-8652",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}