@article{ref1,
title="Frames of reference for eye-head gaze shifts evoked during frontal eye field stimulation",
journal="European journal of neuroscience",
year="2013",
author="Monteon, Jachin A. and Wang, Hongying and Martinez-Trujillo, Julio and Crawford, J. Douglas",
volume="37",
number="11",
pages="1754-1765",
abstract="The frontal eye field (FEF), in the prefrontal cortex, participates in the transformation of visual signals into saccade motor commands and in eye-head gaze control. The FEF is thought to show eye-fixed visual codes in head-restrained monkeys, but it is not known how it transforms these inputs into spatial codes for head-unrestrained gaze commands. Here, we tested if the FEF influences desired gaze commands within a simple eye-fixed frame, like the superior colliculus (SC), or in more complex egocentric frames like the supplementary eye fields (SEFs). We electrically stimulated 95 FEF sites in two head-unrestrained monkeys to evoke 3D eye-head gaze shifts and then mathematically rotated these trajectories into various reference frames. In theory, each stimulation site should specify a specific spatial goal when the evoked gaze shifts are plotted in the appropriate frame. We found that these motor output frames varied site by site, mainly within the eye-to-head frame continuum. Thus, consistent with the intermediate placement of the FEF within the high-level circuits for gaze control, its stimulation-evoked output showed an intermediate trend between the multiple reference frame codes observed in SEF-evoked gaze shifts and the simpler eye-fixed reference frame observed in SC-evoked movements. These results suggest that, although the SC, FEF and SEF carry eye-fixed information at the level of their unit response fields, this information is transformed differently in their output projections to the eye and head controllers.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0953-816X",
doi="10.1111/ejn.12175",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ejn.12175"
}