@article{ref1,
title="Examining the relationship between alcohol-energy drink risk profiles and high-risk drinking behaviors",
journal="Alcoholism: clinical and experimental research",
year="2013",
author="Varvil-Weld, Lindsey and Marzell, Miesha and Turrisi, Robert and Mallett, Kimberly A. and Cleveland, Michael J.",
volume="37",
number="8",
pages="1410-1416",
abstract="BACKGROUND: The mixing of alcohol and energy drinks (AMEDs) is a trend among college students associated with higher rates of heavy episodic drinking and negative alcohol-related consequences. The goals of this study were to take a person-centered approach to identify distinct risk profiles of college students based on AMED-specific constructs (expectancies, attitudes, and norms) and examine longitudinal associations between AMED use, drinking, and consequences. METHODS: A random sample of incoming freshmen (n = 387, 59% female) completed measures of AMED use, AMED-specific expectancies, attitudes, and normative beliefs, and drinking quantity and alcohol-related consequences. Data were collected at 2 occasions: spring semester of freshmen year and fall semester of sophomore year. RESULTS: Latent profile analysis identified 4 subgroups of individuals: occasional AMED, anti-AMED, pro-AMED, and strong peer influence. Individuals in the pro-AMED group reported the most AMED use, drinking, and consequences. There was a unique association between profile membership and AMED use, even after controlling for drinking. CONCLUSIONS: Findings highlighted the importance of AMED-specific expectancies, attitudes, and norms. The unique association between AMED risk profiles and AMED use suggests AMED use is a distinct behavior that could be targeted by AMED-specific messages included in existing brief interventions for alcohol use.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0145-6008",
doi="10.1111/acer.12102",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/acer.12102"
}