@article{ref1,
title="Car occupant safety in frontal crashes: a parameter study of vehicle mass, impact speed, and inherent vehicle protection",
journal="Accident analysis and prevention",
year="1998",
author="Buzeman, D. G. and Viano, David C. and Lövsund, Per",
volume="30",
number="6",
pages="713-722",
abstract="A new mathematical model was developed to estimate average injury and fatality rates in frontal car-to-car crashes for changes in vehicle fleet mass, impact speed distribution, and inherent vehicle protection. The estimates were calculated from injury fatality risk data, delta-V distribution and collision probability of two vehicles, where delta V-depends on impact speed and mass of the colliding vehicles. The impact speed distribution was assumed to be unaffected by a change in fleet mass distribution. The results showed that safety in frontal crashes would improve 27-35% by a 10% increase in fatality risk parameters, which reflected substantial improvement in inherent vehicle protection. A 40% safety improvement was attained by a 10% impact speed reduction. Consequences of vehicle fleet mass were not as strong, but depended on the average mass ratio of the fleet. A reduction in mass range would be the most beneficial, while a uniform mass reduction of 20% would increase the fatality rate by 5.4%. The model estimates trends in traffic safety and may help to identify priorities in active and passive safety.",
language="en",
issn="0001-4575",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}