@article{ref1,
title="The associations of SES, obesity, sport activity, and perceived neighborhood environments: Is there a model of environmental injustice penalizing Portuguese children?",
journal="American journal of human biology",
year="2013",
author="Nogueira, Helena and Gama, Augusta and Mourao, Isabel and Marques, Vitor and Ferrão, Maria and Padez, Cristina",
volume="25",
number="3",
pages="434-436",
abstract="OBJECTIVES: This study analyses the associations between children's obesity, sports activity (SA), and perceived environmental characteristics with the children's SES.   METHODS: A sample of 1,885 Portuguese children, aged 3-10 years, living in Coimbra, Portugal, was observed. Weight and height were measured and obesity was defined by age-and sex-specific, BMI cut-off points. Questionnaires included variables on SA levels, SES and parental neighborhood perceptions were done. A CATPCA was performed and two neighborhood dimensions were achieved. The independent associations of SES with obesity, SA and perceived neighborhood dimensions was analyzed using ordered logistic regressions.   RESULTS: Children of low [odds ratio (OR) = 1.76; confidence interval (CI) = 1.25-1.99] and medium SES (OR = 1.57; CI = 1.34-2.33) were more likely to be obese than their high-SES peers, less likely to participate in SA (low SES OR = 0.177; CI = 0.12-0.26; medium SES OR = 0.357; CI = 0.24-0.53), and their parents were less likely to have positive perceptions of their built environment (low SES OR = 0.516; CI = 0.38-0.70; medium SES OR = 0.565; CI = 0.37-0.86).   CONCLUSIONS: Obesity increases and SA decreases among children with the lowest SES and these living in neighborhoods with higher perceived risk. This finding suggests a model of environmental injustice, whereby differential access to the neighborhood's resources overlaps with familial socioeconomic disadvantage. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1042-0533",
doi="10.1002/ajhb.22384",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.22384"
}