@article{ref1,
title="Role of young women's depression and stress symptoms in their weekly use and nonuse of contraceptive methods",
journal="Journal of Adolescent Health",
year="2013",
author="Hall, Kelli Stidham and Moreau, Caroline and Trussell, James and Barber, Jennifer",
volume="53",
number="2",
pages="241-248",
abstract="PURPOSE: We prospectively examined the influence of young women's depression and psychological stress symptoms on their weekly contraceptive method use. METHODS: We examined data from 689 women ages 18-20 years participating in a longitudinal cohort study. Women completed 8,877 weekly journals over the first year, which assessed reproductive, relationship, and health information. We focused on baseline depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale) and stress (Perceived Stress Scale) symptoms and weekly contraceptive method use. Analyses used multivariate random effects and multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS: Approximately one quarter of women exhibited moderate/severe depression (27%) and stress (25%) symptoms at baseline. Contraception was not used in 10% of weekly journals, whereas coital and noncoital methods were used in 42% and 48% of weeks, respectively. In adjusted models, women with moderate/severe stress symptoms had more than twice the odds of contraception nonuse than women without stress (odds ratio [OR] 2.23, confidence interval [CI] 1.02-4.89, p = .04). Additionally, women with moderate/severe depression (RR .52, CI .40-.68, p < .001) and stress (relative risk [RR] .75, CI .58-.96, p = .02) symptoms had lower relative risks of using long-acting methods than oral contraceptives (OCs; reference category). Women with stress symptoms also had higher relative risks of using condoms (RR 1.17, CI 1.00-1.34, p = .02) and withdrawal (RR 1.29, CI 1.10-1.51, p = .001) than OCs. The relative risk of dual versus single method use was also lower for women with stress symptoms. CONCLUSION: Women's psychological symptoms predicted their weekly contraceptive nonuse and use of less effective methods. Further research can determine the influence of dynamic psychological symptoms on contraceptive choices and failures over time.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1054-139X",
doi="10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.02.009",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.02.009"
}