@article{ref1,
title="Does traffic congestion slow the economy?",
journal="Journal of planning literature",
year="2011",
author="Sweet, Matthias",
volume="26",
number="4",
pages="391-404",
abstract="Does traffic congestion negatively impact the economic growth of metropolitan areas? This article reviews the findings of three research directions addressing this question. First, research on first-order impacts indicates that the economic value of congestion-induced travel delay is tenuous since travelers adapt. Second, research on second-order impacts suggests that congestion slows metropolitan growth, inhibits agglomeration economies, and shapes economic geographies. Third, research on public-sector congestion mitigation policies identifies significant fiscal burdens despite limited success at reducing congestion. In sum, research on individual, business, and public-sector responses to congestion demonstrate a shift from congestion mitigation toward adaptation.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0885-4122",
doi="10.1177/0885412211409754",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885412211409754"
}