@article{ref1,
title="Visibility of text and icon highway signs under dynamic viewing conditions",
journal="Human factors",
year="1996",
author="Long, Gerald M. and Kearns, Daniel F.",
volume="38",
number="4",
pages="690-701",
abstract="Threshold sizes for accurate identification were determined for three different types of highway signs (text, icon, and modified icon) under two conditions of horizontal target motion (60° and 120° per second). The two iconic versions were superior to the text version in nearly all cases, and this benefit of the pictorial format was even more pronounced in the higher-velocity condition. The advantage of the modified icon signs over the standard icon signs that had been determined in previous work was replicated here under the low-velocity condition but essentially disappeared under the higher-velocity condition. Sign-reading performance was found to be related to dynamic visual acuity (with Landolt-C targets) under the two velocity conditions. Results are discussed in terms of the &quot;low-pass format&quot; for sign design suggested by previous researchers and in terms of the potential utility of dynamic acuity for the driving setting.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0018-7208",
doi="10.1518/001872096778827215",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/001872096778827215"
}