@article{ref1,
title="Parallels between wind and crowd loading of bridges",
journal="Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences",
year="2013",
author="McRobie, Allan and Morgenthal, Guido and Abrams, Danny and Prendergast, John",
volume="371",
number="1993",
pages="20120430-20120430",
abstract="Parallels between the dynamic response of flexible bridges under the action of wind and under the forces induced by crowds allow each field to inform the other. Wind-induced behaviour has been traditionally classified into categories such as flutter, galloping, vortex-induced vibration and buffeting. However, computational advances such as the vortex particle method have led to a more general picture where effects may occur simultaneously and interact, such that the simple semantic demarcations break down. Similarly, the modelling of individual pedestrians has progressed the understanding of human-structure interaction, particularly for large-amplitude lateral oscillations under crowd loading. In this paper, guided by the interaction of flutter and vortex-induced vibration in wind engineering, a framework is presented, which allows various human-structure interaction effects to coexist and interact, thereby providing a possible synthesis of previously disparate experimental and theoretical results.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1364-503X",
doi="10.1098/rsta.2012.0430",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2012.0430"
}