@article{ref1,
title="MAOA genotype, childhood maltreatment, and their interaction in the etiology of adult antisocial behaviors",
journal="Biological psychiatry",
year="2014",
author="Haberstick, Brett C. and Lessem, Jeffrey M. and Hewitt, John K. and Smolen, Andrew and Hopfer, Christian Jean and Halpern, Carolyn T. and Killeya-Jones, Ley A. and Boardman, Jason D. and Tabor, Joyce and Siegler, Ilene C. and Williams, Redford B. and Mullan Harris, Kathleen",
volume="75",
number="1",
pages="25-30",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Maltreatment by an adult or caregiver during childhood is a prevalent and important predictor of antisocial behaviors in adulthood. A functional promoter polymorphism in the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene has been implicated as a moderating factor in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and antisocial behaviors. Although there have been numerous attempts at replicating this observation, results remain inconclusive. METHODS: We examined this gene-environment interaction hypothesis in a sample of 3356 white and 960 black men (aged 24-34) participating in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. RESULTS: Primary analysis indicated that childhood maltreatment was a significant risk factor for later behaviors that violate rules and the rights of others (p < .05), there were no main effects of MAOA genotype, and MAOA genotype was not a significant moderator of the relationship between maltreatment and antisocial behaviors in our white sample. Post hoc analyses identified a similar pattern of results among our black sample in which maltreatment was not a significant predictor of antisocial behavior. Post hoc analyses also revealed a main effect of MAOA genotype on having a disposition toward violence in both samples and for violent convictions among our black sample. None of these post hoc findings, however, survived correction for multiple testing (p > .05). Power analyses indicated that these results were not due to insufficient statistical power. CONCLUSIONS: We could not confirm the hypothesis that MAOA genotype moderates the relationship between childhood maltreatment and adult antisocial behaviors.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0006-3223",
doi="10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.03.028",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.03.028"
}