@article{ref1,
title="Incidence and patterns of mandibular fractures during a 5-year period in a London teaching hospital",
journal="British journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery",
year="2013",
author="Rashid, Arif and Eyeson, Josiah and Haider, Diana and van Gijn, Daniel and Fan, Kathleen",
volume="51",
number="8",
pages="794-798",
abstract="We retrospectively evaluated mandibular fractures in patients who presented to a London teaching hospital between June 2005 and May 2010. A total of 1261 patients sustained 1994 mandibular fractures (mean 1.6, range 1-5). The incidence of mandibular fracture was higher in male patients (87%) than in females (13%) (male:female ratio 6.6:1), and the peak incidence was during the third decade for both genders. The most common site of fracture was the angle (30%), followed by the parasymphysis (27%), and condyle (27%). Overall, interpersonal violence was the most common cause (72%) followed by falls (18%). In male patients, the most common cause was interpersonal violence (77%); in females it was a fall (46%). The anatomical sites of fracture reflected their cause. Interpersonal violence typically resulted in fractures of the angle (36%) while road traffic accidents and falls resulted in condylar fractures (28% and 53%, respectively). A total of 66 (5%) patients sustained other maxillofacial fractures and 37 (3%) presented with non-maxillofacial fractures. Our findings are consistent with trends reported in other urban centres.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0266-4356",
doi="10.1016/j.bjoms.2013.04.007",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjoms.2013.04.007"
}