@article{ref1,
title="Physical and psychomotor functioning of females the morning after consuming low to moderate quantities of beer",
journal="Journal of studies on alcohol",
year="2006",
author="Kruisselbrink, L. Darren and Martin, Katrina L. and Megeney, Michael and Fowles, Jonathon R. and Murphy, René J. L.",
volume="67",
number="3",
pages="416-420",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: Individuals in society typically consume alcohol in &quot;standard&quot; units (e.g., bottles/cans of beer, glasses of wine, shots of distilled spirits) over a reasonable period of time whereas in many hangover studies, participants consume a single large dose of alcohol relative to their body weight in a short period of time. The purpose of this study was to examine how consuming low to moderate &quot;standard&quot; quantities of alcohol over an evening affected subjective hangover ratings, physical, physiological, and psychomotor functioning of adult females the next morning. METHOD: Twelve females consumed zero, two, four, or six bottles of beer (341 ml; 5% weight by volume) in a within-subjects design. Blood alcohol concentration, resting heart rate, resting blood pressure, and grip strength were measured prior to consumption, 1 hour after consumption, and the following morning (9 hours after consumption). In the morning, participants rated the presence of eight hangover symptoms, completed a four-choice reaction time test, and performed tests of submaximal and maximal endurance on a treadmill; blood lactate, blood glucose, and perceived exertion were recorded during submaximal and maximal exercise. RESULTS: Heart rate, blood pressure, grip strength, blood lactate, blood glucose, and reaction time did not significantly change the next morning as a function of alcohol dose. Participants made more choice reaction errors after consuming six than zero bottles of beer. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that consuming moderate quantities of beer affects decision making but not physical and physiological performance in adult females the next morning.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0096-882X",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}