@article{ref1,
title="Alcoholic denial: a biopsychological interpretation",
journal="Journal of studies on alcohol",
year="1984",
author="Tarter, R. E. and Alterman, A. I. and Edwards, K. L.",
volume="45",
number="3",
pages="214-218",
abstract="A theory of the origins and mechanisms of denial, which is frequently characteristic of alcoholics, is proposed on the basis of a biopsychological rather than a psychodynamic model of emotion. The biopsychological approach views denial as a consequence of a developmental defect in the apperception of interoceptive stimuli and in the appraisal of the significance of environmental events. Three hypotheses must be substantiated in order to support this theory: (1) alcoholics were physiologically unstable in arousal regulation; (2) alcoholics cannot cognitively discriminate interoceptive cues and physiological states; and (3) alcoholics cognitively underestimate emotion-laden events in their lives. Research which demonstrates the validity of these hypotheses is reviewed and implications for future research and treatment strategies are discussed.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0096-882X",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}