@article{ref1,
title="Sleep-dependent Neurophysiological Processes in Implicit Sequence Learning",
journal="Journal of cognitive neuroscience",
year="2013",
author="Urbain, Charline and Schmitz, Rémy and Schmidt, Christina and Cleeremans, Axel and Van Bogaert, Patrick and Maquet, Pierre and Peigneux, Philippe",
volume="25",
number="11",
pages="2003-2014",
abstract=": Behavioral studies have cast doubts about the role that posttraining sleep may play in the consolidation of implicit sequence learning. Here, we used event-related fMRI to test the hypothesis that sleep-dependent functional reorganization would take place in the underlying neural circuits even in the possible absence of obvious behavioral changes. Twenty-four healthy human adults were scanned at Day 1 and then at Day 4 during an implicit probabilistic serial RT task. They either slept normally (RS) or were sleep-deprived on the first posttraining night. Unknown to them, the sequential structure of the material was based on a probabilistic finite-state grammar, with 15% chance on each trial of replacing the rules-based grammatical (G) stimulus with a nongrammatical (NG) one. Results indicated a gradual differentiation across sessions between RTs (faster RTs for G than NG), together with NG-related BOLD responses reflecting sequence learning. Similar behavioral patterns were observed in RS and sleep-deprived participants at Day 4, indicating time- but not sleep-dependent consolidation of performance. Notwithstanding, we observed at Day 4 in the RS group a diminished differentiation between G- and NG-related neurophysiological responses in a set of cortical and subcortical areas previously identified as being part of the network involved in implicit sequence learning and its offline processing during sleep, indicating a sleep-dependent processing of both regular and deviant stimuli. Our results suggest the sleep-dependent development of distinct neurophysiological processes subtending consolidation of implicit motor sequence learning, even in the absence of overt behavioral differences.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0898-929X",
doi="10.1162/jocn_a_00439",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00439"
}