@article{ref1,
title="Associations between helmet use and brain injuries amongst injured pedal- and motor-cyclists: A case series analysis of trauma centre presentations",
journal="Journal of the Australasian College of Road Safety",
year="2013",
author="McIntosh, Andrew Stuart and Curtis, Kate and Rankin, T. and Cox, M. and McCrory, Paul and Finch, Caroline F.",
volume="24",
number="2",
pages="11-20",
abstract="A retrospective case-series study of pedal- and motor- cyclists presenting to a major metropolitan trauma centre over an 18 month period was undertaken. The injury data were coded according to a number of outcome variables, including intracranial injury of AIS severity ≥ 2. Helmet use was coded. After stratification by rider type, data were analysed to examine the relationships between helmet use and injury using logistic regression. A total of 220 injured motorcycle riders and 137 injured pedal cyclists met the study's inclusion criteria, with 195 motorcycle riders and passengers (88.6%) and 87 pedal cyclists (63.5%) wearing helmets. Helmets were associated with a significant reduction (p<0.05) in the likelihood of head and intracranial injury in both rider groups. Associated with helmet use was a reduction in intracranial injury likelihood of 66% for both helmeted motorcycle riders and pedal cyclists. The study is further evidence of the benefits offered by helmets.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1832-9497",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}