@article{ref1,
title="The Football Association Medical Research Programme: an audit of injuries in professional football: an analysis of ankle sprains",
journal="British journal of sports medicine",
year="2003",
author="Hulse, M. and Woods, Carol and Hodson, A. and Hawkins, R.",
volume="37",
number="3",
pages="233-238",
abstract="AIM: To conduct a detailed analysis of ankle sprains sustained in English professional football [soccer] over two competitive seasons. METHODS: Club medical staff at 91 professional football clubs annotated player injuries. A specific injury audit questionnaire was used together with a weekly form that documented each club's current injury status. RESULTS: Completed injury records for the two competitive seasons were obtained from 87% and 76% of the participating clubs. Ankle ligament sprains accounted for 11% of the total injuries over the two seasons, with over three quarters (77%) of sprains involving the lateral ligament complex. A total of 12 138 days and 2033 matches were missed because of ankle sprains. More sprains were caused by contact mechanisms than non-contact mechanisms (59% v 39%) except in goalkeepers who sustained more non-contact sprains (21% v 79%, p<0.01). Ankle sprains were most often observed during tackles (54%). More ankle sprains were sustained in matches than in training (66% v 33%), with nearly half (48%) observed during the last third of each half of matches. A total of 44% of sprains occurred during the first three months of the season. A high number of players (32%) who sustained ankle sprains were wearing some form of external support. The recurrence rate for ankle sprains was 9% (see methodology for definition of reinjury). CONCLUSION: Ankle ligament sprains are common in football usually involving the lateral ligament complex. The high rate of occurrence and recurrence indicates that prevention is of paramount importance.<br /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0306-3674",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}