@article{ref1,
title="Initial evidence for sex-specific effects of early emotional abuse on affective processing in bipolar disorder",
journal="European psychiatry",
year="2014",
author="Russo, M. and Proujansky, R. and Gilbert, A. and Braga, Raphael J. and Burdick, K. E.",
volume="29",
number="1",
pages="52-57",
abstract="PURPOSE: This study investigates the effect of sex and childhood trauma on affective processing in bipolar disorder (BPD) patients. METHODS: In a sample of fifty-six BPD patients, we administered the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and the Affective Go/No-Go (AGNG) to measure affective processing. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the effect of sex and childhood trauma on IGT; Repeated-Measures ANOVAs to measure accuracy and bias measures across conditions on the AGNG. RESULTS: In the context of childhood abuse, females evidenced a more conservative cognitive style than males by selecting fewer cards from the disadvantageous decks [F(1, 49)=14.218; P<0.001] and showed an improvement throughout the task, as noted in a normal learning curve [F(1.49)=4.385; P=0.041)]. For the AGNG, an interaction specific to the negative valence stimuli on response bias measures was found. Abused females scored higher (mean=8.38; SD=6.39) than abused males (mean=0.69; SD=1.19) [F(1.46)=6.348; P=0.015]. CONCLUSION: Severity of childhood trauma was significantly different between sexes. In the context of a history of emotional abuse, male bipolar patients tended toward a more risk-taking behavior compared to female. Further investigations are needed to elucidate potential pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this interaction.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0924-9338",
doi="10.1016/j.eurpsy.2013.06.005",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2013.06.005"
}