@article{ref1,
title="Modeling depression in Parkinson disease: Disease-specific and nonspecific risk factors",
journal="Neurology",
year="2013",
author="Leentjens, Albert F. G. and Moonen, Anja J. H. and Dujardin, Kathy and Marsh, Laura and Martinez-Martin, Pablo and Richard, Irene H. and Starkstein, Sergio E. and Köhler, Sebastian",
volume="81",
number="12",
pages="1036-1043",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To construct a model for depression in Parkinson disease (PD) and to study the relative contribution of PD-specific and nonspecific risk factors to this model. METHODS: Structural equation modeling of direct and indirect associations of risk factors with the latent depression outcome using a cross-sectional dataset of 342 patients with PD. RESULTS: A model with acceptable fit was generated that explained 41% of the variance in depression. In the final model, 3 PD-specific variables (increased disease duration, more severe motor symptoms, the use of levodopa) and 6 nonspecific variables (female sex, history of anxiety and/or depression, family history of depression, worse functioning on activities of daily living, and worse cognitive status) were maintained and significantly associated with depression. Nonspecific risk factors had a 3-times-higher influence in the model than PD-specific risk factors. CONCLUSION: In this cross-sectional study, we showed that nonspecific factors may be more prominent markers of depression than PD-specific factors. Accordingly, research on depression in PD should focus not only on factors associated with or specific for PD, but should also examine a wider scope of factors including general risk factors for depression, not specific for PD.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0028-3878",
doi="10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182a4a503",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182a4a503"
}