@article{ref1,
title="Measurement invariance of the Beck  Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDI-II) across gender, race, and ethnicity in college students",
journal="Assessment",
year="2013",
author="Whisman, Mark A. and Judd, Charles M. and Whiteford, Natalie T. and Gelhorn, Heather L.",
volume="20",
number="4",
pages="419-428",
abstract="Measurement invariance of the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDI-II) across gender, race, and ethnic groups was evaluated in a large sample of college students, using pooled data from 11 universities from diverse geographical regions in the United States (N = 7,369). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the fit of several possible factor structures, and the results from these analyses indicated that the BDI-II was most adequately represented by a hierarchical four-factor structure, composed of three first-order factors and one second-order factor. Results based on analyses of covariance structures indicated there was factorial invariance for this hierarchical four-factor structure across groups, suggesting that the BDI-II provides an assessment of severity of depressive symptoms that is equivalent across gender, race, and ethnicity in college students.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1073-1911",
doi="10.1177/1073191112460273",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191112460273"
}